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Kiowa
drawing depicting the Buffalo
Wallow Fight
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The
Buffalo Wallow Fight
By
Monty Rainey
Billy
Dixon called September 12, 1874,
"... the most perilous
adventure of my life." To
know the history of Dixon, that
is quite an ominous
statement. Two days
earlier, General Nelson Miles
has dispatched Dixon and fellow
scout, Amos Chapman, along with
four soldiers from the McClellen
Creek area in present day Gray
County, Texas to Ft. Supply in
northern Oklahoma. The four
soldiers were Sergeant Z. T.
Woodhull, Pvt. Peter Rath, Pvt.
John Harrington, and Pvt. George
Smith.
The tiny group traveled
by night and stayed secluded by day as Kiowa and Comanche war parties were
thick throughout the area. Just as the dawn was breaking on the 12th, the
group was nearing the Washita River where they hoped to hide out for the day
when they topped a knoll and found themselves face to face with a warring
party of 125 Kiowa and Comanche. In an instant, the group found themselves
surrounded. They dismounted their horses to make a stand and left their mounts
in the care of Pvt. George Smith who was almost immediately shot down. Their
horses fled away leaving them stranded on the plains.
His comrades
thought Smith to be dead, but as it turns out, he survived his mortal wounds
until about eleven o'clock that first night. Being caught in the open with no
cover and outnumbered twenty to one, the Indians felt no urgency in a swift
attack of the helpless men. Several hundred yards distant was a small mesquite
flat with a buffalo wallow (an area where massive herds of buffalo had worn
away the soil by rolling in the dust) that offered the only semblance of cover
for the men, who were by now all wounded except for Rath and Dixon.
The buffalo wallow
offered the men little protection as it was only about ten feet across and
shallow, but it was better than no protection at all and when the Indians
withdrew momentarily, the men made their move across the open distance.
Dixon was first to reach the wallow and encouraged the others to follow. All
did except Smith, believed dead, and Chapman, whose knee had been shattered.
As they reached the wallow, with their knives they dug in as deep as
possible.
It
was near noon when the men reached the slight sanctuary of the wallow and
once settled in, Dixon made several attempts to retrieve Chapman
before finally successfully reaching him and carrying him on his back to the
wallow. Both Dixon, a famed buffalo hunter and renowned for his shooting
ability from his participation in the Battle at Adobe Walls, and fellow
scout Chapman, were known to be crack shots with their rifles. Several times
during the afternoon and early evening, the Indians advanced determined to
finish the battle, but each time, the accuracy of the riflemen brought down
those leading the charge. As
the day wore on, the men discussed their options and having seen the remains
of men who had been taken alive by these warring tribes, they resolved to
fight to the death. Having lost their water supply on the backs of
their fleeing horses, by midday, the men were also fighting a battle against
their own thirst. Around 3 o'clock, Providence took part in relieving their
suffering with a black cloud overhead which dropped much needed water to the
pitiful troop. Though the water puddled within the wallow was red with their
own blood, the men eagerly partook in its quenching wetness.
Typical
of a Panhandle storm, the rain brought with it, a change from the sweltering
heat to a cold blowing wind. The Indians, still feeling no great urgency,
disliked being in this adverse weather, much less fighting in it. They
quickly withdrew and wrapped themselves in their blankets to wait out the
storm. The storm had been a temporary salvation for the men, but brought
with it new suffering as none of the men had coats with them. They had all
been lost with the runaway horses. Also, during this respite in the action,
the men discovered they were now dangerously low on ammunition. It was this
discovery that prompted the men to attempt to retrieve Smith's six shooter
and ammunition.
Rath
volunteered to retrieve Smith's weapon but soon returned with the news that
Smith was still alive. This greatly distraught the men who had left him for
dead. Rath and Dixon immediately left to return Smith to the wallow. There
was no chance for Smith to survive as he was shot through the lung, but
nonetheless, his comrades carried him back to their relative safety.
As
night fell on the stranded men, four of the six were badly wounded. They
were all cold, hungry and with little hope for survival. Dixon and Rath
gathered tumbleweeds and crushed them on the floor of the wallow for some
semblance of bedding. With a new moon, the night was filled with almost
total darkness. Dixon wanted to go and find the trail for Ft. Supply as
their only chance to retrieve help, but the men dared not do without Dixon's
marksmanship and elected instead that Rath should attempt to find the trail.
He left in the darkness but returned a couple of hours later, unable to find
it. Smith, suffering worst from his wounds, begged for his own death until
he finally fell asleep around 10 o'clock. He would never wake up.
The
men suffered through the long sleepless night and by morning, had all
resolved that Dixon, whose only wound was a shot through his calf, should go
ahead and make a run for Ft. Supply. Lacking the cover of darkness, Dixon
set out immediately, but again, Providence shown its' hand. Dixon had
traveled less than a half mile before picking up the trail to Ft. Supply. He
soon spotted a large military outfit in the distance. He fired his rifle to
get their attention. The contingent was that of Major Price with 4 companies
of infantry from New Mexico, about 225 men in all.
Their
arrival and presence quickly drove away the Indians and the tattered band of
men was rescued. Price offered food to the men, but little else. With the
Indians gone, Price left the men on the plains and moved on to meet up with
Miles, who two days later would retrieve the men from their slight
sanctuary. For their troubles, each of the members of the party earned the
Congressional Medal of Honor.
Upon
their arrival at Ft. Supply, Amos Chapman's leg had to be amputated. Pvt.
Smith was buried where he lay at the site of the Buffalo Wallow Fight. His
body remains there today.
Congressional Medal of Honor
Bibliography
Life of Billy
Dixon,
by Olive K. Dixon, P.L. Turner, 1927
The Buffalo War: The History of the Red River Indian Uprising of 1874, by
George Hyde, Doubleday, 1976.
The Battle of Adobe Walls, 1864, C. Boone McClure, 1948
Letters of Olive K. Dixon, White Deer Land Museum, Pampa, TX.
Indian Wars of Texas, Mildred Mayhall, 1965.

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